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physically apart

  • 1 distinguer

    distinguer [distɛ̃ge]
    ➭ TABLE 1
    1. transitive verb
       a. ( = repérer, différencier) to distinguish
    • distinguer une chose d'une autre or d'avec une autre to distinguish one thing from another
       b. ( = honorer) to distinguish
    2. reflexive verb
    ► se distinguer to distinguish o.s.
    * * *
    distɛ̃ge
    1.
    1) ( séparer) to distinguish between [choses, personnes]
    2) (par la vue, l'ouïe) ( percevoir les différences) to distinguish; ( percevoir avec difficulté) to make out

    je distinguerais trois points — ( dans un exposé) I would like to bring out three main points

    4) ( différencier) [détail, trait] to set [somebody] apart [personnes, animaux]; to make [something] different [objets] (de from)

    aucune caractéristique physique ne les distingue — physically, they have no distinguishing features

    5) ( r écompenser) [jury] to single out [somebody] for an honour [BrE] [personne]; [prix] to be awarded to [personne, œuvre]

    2.
    verbe intransitif

    3.
    se distinguer verbe pronominal
    1) ( différer)

    se distinguer de — ( par ses qualités) to differ from; ( par ses actes) to set oneself apart from

    2) ( s'illustrer) [chercheur, sportif, candidat] to distinguish oneself
    3) ( être perçu) to be distinguishable
    4) ( se faire remarquer) pej to draw attention to oneself
    * * *
    distɛ̃ɡe vt
    1) (= apercevoir) to distinguish, to make out
    2) (= différencier) [personne] to distinguish, [facteur, fait] to distinguish
    * * *
    distinguer verb table: aimer
    A vtr
    1 ( séparer) [personne, esprit] to distinguish between; il faut distinguer deux domaines bien différents we must distinguish between two very different fields; distinguer A et B to distinguish between A and B; distinguer A de B to tell ou distinguish A from B; il est difficile de distinguer les deux jumeaux it's difficult to tell the twins apart;
    2 (par la vue, l'ouïe) ( percevoir les différences) to distinguish [couleurs, nuances]; ( percevoir avec difficulté) to make out [contours, sons, différences];
    3 ( percevoir intellectuellement) to discern; quant aux espèces vénéneuses, on en distingue quatre there are four poisonous species; je distinguerais trois points ( dans un exposé) I would like to bring out three main points;
    4 ( différencier) [détail, qualité, trait] to set [sb] apart [personnes, animaux]; to make [sth] different [objets] (de from); ce qui distingue Paris de Londres what makes Paris different from London, what distinguishes Paris from London; à part leur taille, rien ne les distingue apart from their size, there's nothing that sets them apart; je vois mal ce qui les distingue I fail to see what makes them different; aucune caractéristique physique ne les distingue physically, they have no distinguishing features;
    5 ( récompenser) [personne, jury] to single out [sb] for an honourGB [personne]; [prix, récompense] to be awarded to [personne, œuvre].
    B vi il faut savoir distinguer you have to be able to tell the difference; distinguer s'il s'agit d'un besoin réel ou d'un caprice to judge whether it's a question of real need or of a whim; distinguer entre A et B to distinguish ou make a distinction between A and B.
    1 ( différer) se distinguer de ( par ses qualités) to differ from; ( par ses actes) to set oneself apart from; il vaut mieux éviter de se distinguer it's best not to be conspicuous;
    2 ( s'illustrer) [chercheur, sportif, candidat] to distinguish oneself; il s'est surtout distingué en physique théorique he distinguished himself especially in theoretical physics; l'auteur se distingue/ne se distingue pas par son originalité the author is noted/isn't noted for his originality;
    3 ( être perçu) to be distinguishable; se distinguer à peine dans le brouillard to be barely distinguishable in the fog;
    4 ( se faire remarquer) pej to draw attention to oneself; il faut toujours qu'elle se distingue, celle-là! she always has to draw attention to herself!
    [distɛ̃ge] verbe transitif
    1. [voir] to distinguish, to make out (separable)
    2. [entendre] to hear, to distinguish, to make out (separable)
    3. [percevoir]
    4. [différencier] to distinguish
    je n'arrive pas à les distinguer I can't tell which is which, I can't tell them apart
    ————————
    se distinguer verbe pronominal (emploi passif)
    1. [être vu] to be seen ou distinguished
    2. [différer]
    ————————
    se distinguer verbe pronominal intransitif
    1. [se faire remarquer] to distinguish oneself
    2. [devenir célèbre] to become famous
    ————————
    se distinguer de verbe pronominal plus préposition
    1. [différer de]
    2. [être supérieur à]

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > distinguer

  • 2 desmoronar

    v.
    1 to cause to crumble (edificio, roca).
    2 to break into pieces, to crumb, to crumble, to break into small crumbs.
    * * *
    1 to crumble, destroy
    1 to crumble, collapse, fall to pieces
    2 (venir a menos) to crumble, collapse
    3 figurado (decaer el ánimo) to lose heart, fall apart
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=desgastar) to wear away
    2) (=erosionar) to erode
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    ----
    * desmoronarse = collapse, crumble, fall + apart, fall to + pieces, come apart at + the seams, fall apart at + the seams.
    * * *
    * desmoronarse = collapse, crumble, fall + apart, fall to + pieces, come apart at + the seams, fall apart at + the seams.
    * * *
    desmoronar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹imperio/sociedad› to destroy; ‹rocas/cornisa› to cause … to collapse, bring about the collapse of
    2 ‹fe/moral› to destroy
    1 «muro/edificio» to collapse; «imperio/sociedad» to crumble, collapse
    2 «fe/moral» to crumble
    todas mis esperanzas se desmoronaron all my hopes crumbled o were dashed
    durante los interrogatorios se desmoronó física y psicológicamente the questioning broke her physically and mentally
    * * *

    desmoronar verbo reflexivo to crumble, fall to pieces
    ' desmoronar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    escarpa
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    [edificio, roca] to cause to crumble
    * * *
    v/t bring down, cause the collapse of
    * * *
    : to wear away, to erode

    Spanish-English dictionary > desmoronar

  • 3 gesund

    Adj.; gesünder, am gesündesten
    1. (Ggs. krank) Person: healthy, präd. auch (very) well; (fit) fit; Organ, Schlaf, Zähne: sound, healthy; Tier, Pflanze: healthy; gesund und munter umg. as fit as a fiddle, in the pink; geistig gesund sane; körperlich und geistig gesund physically and mentally fit, sound in body and mind; jemanden gesund machen / pflegen restore s.o. to / nurse s.o. back to health; ( wieder) gesund werden get better, get well, recover; sich nicht ganz gesund fühlen not feel very well; Ihre Leber etc. ist gesund auch is in (perfectly) good shape; wir machen dich schon wieder gesund we’ll get you back on your feet again; bleib ( schön) gesund! look after yourself; sonst bist du gesund? iro. but apart from that you’re fine?, are you sure you’re feeling all right?; der ist doch nicht ganz gesund! umg. he needs his head examined
    2. Nahrung etc.: good ( für for), wholesome; Lebensweise: healthy; Obst ist gesund fruit is good for you; Schokolade ist für die Zähne nicht gesund chocolate is bad for your teeth; das schmeckt gesund umg., iro. it tastes like it must be good for you; das ist ganz gesund für ihn fig. it’ll do him good; zu wenig Schlaf ist nicht gesund too little sleep is not good for the health
    3. (von Gesundheit zeugend) Bräune, Farbe: healthy; eine gesunde Farbe haben have a healthy colo(u)r
    4. fig. Firma, Instinkt etc.: sound
    5. fig. (natürlich, normal) Misstrauen etc.: healthy; (vernünftig) Ansichten: sound, healthy; gesunder Menschenverstand (sound) common sense; eine gesunde Einstellung haben zu have a healthy attitude toward(s)
    II Adv.: gesund leben have a healthy lifestyle
    * * *
    (heilsam) salutary; wholesome; healthful; salubrious;
    (kräftig) sound; hearty; ruddy; good;
    (nicht krank) hale; well; healthy
    * * *
    ge|sụnd [gə'zʊnt]
    1. adj comp -er or ordm;er
    [gə'zʏndɐ] superl -este(r, s) or ordm;este(r, s) [gə'zʏndəstə] (allgemein) healthy; (= arbeits-, leistungsfähig) fit; Unternehmen, Politik sound; (= heilsam) Lehre salutary

    frisch und gesund, gesund und munter, gesund wie ein Fisch (im Wasser) — in the pink (Brit), hale and hearty (esp Brit), (as) sound as a bell

    sonst bist du gesund? (iro inf) — are you feeling all right? (iro), you need your head examined (inf)

    wieder gesund werden — to get better, to get well again, to recover

    Äpfel sind gesund — apples are good for you, apples are good for your health

    bleib ( schön) gesund! — look after yourself

    2. adv comp ordm; er or -er, superl am ordm;esten or -esten

    jdn gesund pflegen — to nurse sb back to health

    See:
    * * *
    1) ((generally) having good health: I'm rarely ill - I'm really a very healthy person; My bank balance is healthier now than it used to be.) healthy
    2) (resulting from good health: a healthy appetite.) healthy
    4) (not mad: in a perfectly sane state of mind.) sane
    6) (strong or in good condition: The foundations of the house are not very sound; He's 87, but he's still sound in mind and body.) sound
    7) (healthy: I don't feel very / at all well; She doesn't look very well; She's been ill but she's quite well now.) well
    9) (healthy; causing good health: wholesome food; wholesome exercise.) wholesome
    * * *
    ge·sund
    <gesünder, gesündeste>
    [gəˈzʊnt]
    adj healthy
    geistig und körperlich \gesund sound in mind and body
    \gesunde Organe healthy [or sound] organs
    \gesunde Zähne healthy [sound] teeth
    \gesund und munter top fit, in fine fettle, in good shape, in the pink BRIT fam
    eine \gesunde Firma a healthy [or viable] company
    wirtschaftlich \gesund financially sound
    rauchen ist nicht \gesund smoking is unhealthy
    sonst bist du \gesund? (iron fam) are you feeling OK? fam, have you lost your marbles? sl, are you off your chump? BRIT sl
    bleib [schön] \gesund! take care [of yourself]!, look after yourself!
    jdn \gesund pflegen to nurse sb back to health
    jdn \gesund schreiben to pass sb as fit
    wieder \gesund werden to get well again, to get better
    * * *
    ; gesünder, seltener: gesunder, gesündest..., seltener: gesundest... Adjektiv
    1) healthy; (fig.) viable, financially sound <company, business>

    wieder gesund werden — get better; recover

    gesund sein — < person> be healthy; (im Augenblick) be in good health

    2) (natürlich, normal) healthy <mistrust, ambition, etc.>; sound < construction>; healthy, sound <attitude, approach>
    * * *
    gesund adj; gesünder, am gesündesten
    1. (Ggs krank) Person: healthy, präd auch (very) well; (fit) fit; Organ, Schlaf, Zähne: sound, healthy; Tier, Pflanze: healthy;
    gesund und munter umg as fit as a fiddle, in the pink;
    körperlich und geistig gesund physically and mentally fit, sound in body and mind;
    jemanden gesund machen/pflegen restore sb to/nurse sb back to health;
    (wieder) gesund werden get better, get well, recover;
    sich nicht ganz gesund fühlen not feel very well;
    Ihre Leber etc
    ist gesund auch is in (perfectly) good shape;
    wir machen dich schon wieder gesund we’ll get you back on your feet again;
    bleib (schön) gesund! look after yourself;
    sonst bist du gesund? iron but apart from that you’re fine?, are you sure you’re feeling all right?;
    der ist doch nicht ganz gesund! umg he needs his head examined
    2. Nahrung etc: good (
    für for), wholesome; Lebensweise: healthy;
    Obst ist gesund fruit is good for you;
    Schokolade ist für die Zähne nicht gesund chocolate is bad for your teeth;
    das schmeckt gesund umg, iron it tastes like it must be good for you;
    das ist ganz gesund für ihn fig it’ll do him good;
    zu wenig Schlaf ist nicht gesund too little sleep is not good for the health
    3. (von Gesundheit zeugend) Bräune, Farbe: healthy;
    eine gesunde Farbe haben have a healthy colo(u)r
    4. fig Firma, Instinkt etc: sound
    5. fig (natürlich, normal) Misstrauen etc: healthy; (vernünftig) Ansichten: sound, healthy;
    eine gesunde Einstellung haben zu have a healthy attitude toward(s)
    B. adv:
    gesund leben have a healthy lifestyle
    * * *
    ; gesünder, seltener: gesunder, gesündest..., seltener: gesundest... Adjektiv
    1) healthy; (fig.) viable, financially sound <company, business>

    wieder gesund werden — get better; recover

    gesund sein — < person> be healthy; (im Augenblick) be in good health

    2) (natürlich, normal) healthy <mistrust, ambition, etc.>; sound < construction>; healthy, sound <attitude, approach>
    * * *
    adj.
    daffy adj.
    hale adj.
    healthful adj.
    healthy adj.
    nonhazardous adj.
    nonvenomous adj.
    salubrious adj.
    salutary adj.
    sane adj.
    sound adj.
    well adj.
    wholesome adj. adv.
    healthfully adv.
    healthily adv.
    salubriously adv.
    salutarily adv.
    sanely adv.
    wholesomely adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > gesund

  • 4 С-162

    СИДНЕМ (СИДМЙ0&5) СИДЕТЬ coll VP subj: human
    1. to spend all one's time in a seated position because one is physically unable to walk
    X сиднем сидит — X just (only) sits.
    2. to spend a long uninterrupted period of time seated while doing sth. that requires one to sit (i.e., writing, reading etc)
    X сиднем сидит - X sits (for hours (days etc) on end) (doing sth.).
    3. usu. disapprov to sit and be inactive when some action is expected or required of one
    X сиднем сидит = X just sits (there (here, around etc)) on his butt (duff, backside etc)
    X sits (there (here etc)) like a bump on a log.
    ...Удивил Лизку возчик, который сиднем сидел в стороне. Надрывайтесь, рвите, мужики, жилы, а мне и горюшка мало (Абрамов 1). Lizka was amazed to see the driver sitting on his backside, apart from the others. Bust your guts, boys, knock yourselves out! I could care less (1a).
    4. often disapprov to have a physically inactive life style, lead a physically inactive life
    X сиднем сидит — X sits around all day (all the time etc)
    X just sits around X sits like a bump on a log X sits around on his butt (backside, duff etc) (all the time).
    5. to spend a long uninterrupted period of time in one place ( usu. some room, building etc), not going out of or away from that place
    X сиднем сидит в месте Y = X never leaves place Y
    X has holed himself up in place Y X stays put in place Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > С-162

  • 5 сидмя сидеть

    [VP; subj: human]
    =====
    1. to spend all one's time in a seated position because one is physically unable to walk:
    - X сиднем сидит≈ X just (only) sits.
    2. to spend a long uninterrupted period of time seated while doing sth. that requires one to sit (i.e., writing, reading etc):
    - X сиднем сидит≈ X sits (for hours (days etc) on end) (doing sth.).
    3. usu. disapprov to sit and be inactive when some action is expected or required of one:
    - X сиднем сидит≈ X just sits (there <here, around etc>) on his butt (duff, backside etc);
    - X sits (there <here etc>) like a bump on a log.
         ♦...Удивил Лизку возчик, который сиднем сидел в стороне. Надрывайтесь, рвите, мужики, жилы, а мне и горюшка мало (Абрамов 1). Lizka was amazed to see the driver sitting on his backside, apart from the others. Bust your guts, boys, knock yourselves out! I could care less (1a).
    4. often disapprov to have a physically inactive life style, lead a physically inactive life:
    - X сиднем сидит≈ X sits around all day (all the time etc);
    - X sits around on his butt (backside, duff etc) (all the time).
    5. to spend a long uninterrupted period of time in one place (usu. some room, building etc), not going out of or away from that place:
    - X сиднем сидит в месте Y ≈ X never leaves place Y;
    - X stays put in place Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > сидмя сидеть

  • 6 сиднем сидеть

    [VP; subj: human]
    =====
    1. to spend all one's time in a seated position because one is physically unable to walk:
    - X сиднем сидит≈ X just (only) sits.
    2. to spend a long uninterrupted period of time seated while doing sth. that requires one to sit (i.e., writing, reading etc):
    - X сиднем сидит≈ X sits (for hours (days etc) on end) (doing sth.).
    3. usu. disapprov to sit and be inactive when some action is expected or required of one:
    - X сиднем сидит≈ X just sits (there <here, around etc>) on his butt (duff, backside etc);
    - X sits (there <here etc>) like a bump on a log.
         ♦...Удивил Лизку возчик, который сиднем сидел в стороне. Надрывайтесь, рвите, мужики, жилы, а мне и горюшка мало (Абрамов 1). Lizka was amazed to see the driver sitting on his backside, apart from the others. Bust your guts, boys, knock yourselves out! I could care less (1a).
    4. often disapprov to have a physically inactive life style, lead a physically inactive life:
    - X сиднем сидит≈ X sits around all day (all the time etc);
    - X sits around on his butt (backside, duff etc) (all the time).
    5. to spend a long uninterrupted period of time in one place (usu. some room, building etc), not going out of or away from that place:
    - X сиднем сидит в месте Y ≈ X never leaves place Y;
    - X stays put in place Y.

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > сиднем сидеть

  • 7 birbiri

    ",-ni each other. - ardınca one after the other. -ne düşmek to have a falling-out, fall out with each other, start quarreling. -ne düşürmek /ı/ to set (people) quarreling or fighting. -ne girmek 1. to start (physically) fighting each other, fall upon each other, lay into each other, light into each other. 2. to quarrel bitterly, rip into each other. 3. to crash into each other. 4. to intermingle, become intermingled. 5. to become entangled. -nin gözünü oymak/çıkarmak to quarrel bitterly, tear into each other, tear each other to pieces; to fight (physically), lay into each other. -ni takip eden successive. -ni tutmamak (for words, actions) to be contradictory. -ni yemek 1. to quarrel bitterly, tear each other apart. 2. to try to harm each other, plot against each other, do each other dirt."

    Saja Türkçe - İngilizce Sözlük > birbiri

  • 8 zusammenbrechen

    v/i (unreg., trennb., ist -ge-)
    1. Gebäude, Brücke: cave in, collapse; Haus, Wand: auch come tumbling down
    2. Person: collapse; fig., seelisch: break down; Kreislauf: break down; sein Kreislauf ist zusammengebrochen auch he had a circulatory breakdown
    3. fig., Wirtschaft, Firma: collapse; Angriff, Pläne: fail; Ordnung, Netzwerk, Telefonverbindung, Theorie, Verhandlungen, Widerstand: break down; Verkehr: come to a standstill; da brach für mich eine Welt zusammen that’s when my whole world fell apart
    * * *
    das Zusammenbrechen
    slump
    * * *
    zu|sạm|men|bre|chen
    vi sep irreg aux sein
    (Gebäude) to cave in; (Brücke auch) to give way; (Wirtschaft, Markt, Imperium) to collapse; (Widerstand) to crumble; (= zum Stillstand kommen) (Verkehr etc) to come to a standstill or halt; (Verhandlungen, Telefonverbindung, MIL Angriff) to break down; (ELEC Spannung) to fail; (COMPUT Rechner) to crash; (Mensch) to break down; (vor Erschöpfung) to collapse
    * * *
    1) (to be overcome with emotion: She broke down and wept.) break down
    2) (to give in to torture or similar pressures: The spy finally cracked under their questioning and told them everything he knew.) crack
    3) (to fall down and break into pieces: The bridge collapsed under the weight of the traffic.) collapse
    4) ((of a person) to fall down especially unconscious, because of illness, shock etc: She collapsed with a heart attack.) collapse
    5) ((of a business) to fail.) crash
    6) ((of a person) to collapse physically or nervously: She went to pieces when her husband died.) go (all) to pieces
    * * *
    zu·sam·men|bre·chen
    vi irreg Hilfsverb: sein
    1. (kollabieren) to collapse
    2. (in sich zusammenfallen) to collapse, to give way
    3. (zum Erliegen kommen) to collapse; Verkehr to come to a standstill; Versorgung to be paralyzed; Kommunikation to break down; Markt to collapse; Computer to crash
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein
    1) (einstürzen) collapse
    2) (zu Boden sinken) <person, animal> collapse; (fig.) < person> break down
    3) (fig.) collapse; <order, communications, system, telephone network> break down; < traffic> come to a standstill, be paralysed; <attack, front, resistance> crumble
    * * *
    zusammenbrechen v/i (irr, trennb, ist -ge-)
    1. Gebäude, Brücke: cave in, collapse; Haus, Wand: auch come tumbling down
    2. Person: collapse; fig, seelisch: break down; Kreislauf: break down;
    sein Kreislauf ist zusammengebrochen auch he had a circulatory breakdown
    3. fig, Wirtschaft, Firma: collapse; Angriff, Pläne: fail; Ordnung, Netzwerk, Telefonverbindung, Theorie, Verhandlungen, Widerstand: break down; Verkehr: come to a standstill;
    da brach für mich eine Welt zusammen that’s when my whole world fell apart
    * * *
    unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein
    1) (einstürzen) collapse
    2) (zu Boden sinken) <person, animal> collapse; (fig.) < person> break down
    3) (fig.) collapse; <order, communications, system, telephone network> break down; < traffic> come to a standstill, be paralysed; <attack, front, resistance> crumble
    * * *
    (alt.Rechtschreibung) v.
    to break down v.
    to collapse v.
    to drop v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > zusammenbrechen

  • 9 imposible

    adj.
    1 impossible (irrealizable).
    es imposible de arreglar it's impossible to fix, it can't be fixed
    es imposible que se lo haya dicho he can't possibly have told her
    nos fue imposible ir we were unable to go
    hacer lo imposible to do everything possible and more
    2 unbearable, impossible (informal) (insoportable).
    el tráfico en el centro estaba imposible the traffic in the center was impossible o a nightmare
    intj.
    no way, no can do.
    * * *
    1 impossible
    \
    estar imposible to be impossible
    hacer lo imposible to do the impossible, do one's utmost
    hacerle la vida imposible a alguien to make life impossible for somebody
    parece imposible que... I can't believe that...
    ponerse imposible familiar to become impossible
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=no posible) impossible

    es imposible — it's impossible, it's out of the question

    ¡parece imposible! — you'd never believe it!

    2) (=inaguantable) impossible
    3) (=difícil) impossible
    4) LAm (=descuidado) slovenly, dirty; (=repugnante) repulsive
    2.
    SM

    un imposible — [tarea] an impossible task; [objetivo] an impossible goal

    lo que voy a pedir es un imposible — what I'm about to ask is impossible, I'm about to ask for the impossible

    * * *
    I
    1) [ser] <sueño/amor> impossible
    2) ( inaguantable) < persona> impossible
    II
    * * *
    = impossible, hopeless.
    Ex. Inaccuracies can lead to its being impossible to identify the documents to which citations relate.
    Ex. This article discusses the pre-revolutionary shortage of books on agriculture economy in 1913, and how existing books only discussed the miserable, hopeless life of the peasants.
    ----
    * conseguir lo imposible = achieve + the impossible, accomplish + the impossible, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * creer en lo imposible = believe in + the impossible.
    * esperar lo imposible = shoot (for) + the moon, cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.
    * hacer lo imposible = do + the impossible, lean over + backwards, double over + backwards.
    * hacer lo imposible para = jump through + hoops.
    * hacer que sea imposible = render + impossible.
    * imposible de comparar = incommemsurable, incommensurate.
    * imposible de delimitar = unmappable.
    * imposible de entregar = undeliverable.
    * imposible de localizar = untraceable.
    * imposible de medir = incommemsurable, incommensurate.
    * imposible de mezclar = unmixable.
    * imposible de representar = unmappable.
    * imposible de resistir = impossible to resist.
    * intentar algo imposible = bang + Posesivo + head against.
    * intentar lograr lo imposible = square + the circle.
    * intentar lo imposible = attempt + the impossible, be an attempt at the impossible, square + the circle.
    * lograr lo imposible = achieve + the impossible, accomplish + the impossible.
    * mejor imposible = as good as it gets.
    * no hay nada imposible = all bets are off.
    * pretender lograr lo imposible = square + the circle.
    * pretender lo imposible = square + the circle.
    * resultar imposible = prove + impossible.
    * ser imposible = be out of the question, be dead meat.
    * sueño imposible = impossible dream.
    * * *
    I
    1) [ser] <sueño/amor> impossible
    2) ( inaguantable) < persona> impossible
    II
    * * *
    = impossible, hopeless.

    Ex: Inaccuracies can lead to its being impossible to identify the documents to which citations relate.

    Ex: This article discusses the pre-revolutionary shortage of books on agriculture economy in 1913, and how existing books only discussed the miserable, hopeless life of the peasants.
    * conseguir lo imposible = achieve + the impossible, accomplish + the impossible, shoot (for) + the moon.
    * creer en lo imposible = believe in + the impossible.
    * esperar lo imposible = shoot (for) + the moon, cry for + the moon, ask for + the moon, reach for + the moon.
    * hacer lo imposible = do + the impossible, lean over + backwards, double over + backwards.
    * hacer lo imposible para = jump through + hoops.
    * hacer que sea imposible = render + impossible.
    * imposible de comparar = incommemsurable, incommensurate.
    * imposible de delimitar = unmappable.
    * imposible de entregar = undeliverable.
    * imposible de localizar = untraceable.
    * imposible de medir = incommemsurable, incommensurate.
    * imposible de mezclar = unmixable.
    * imposible de representar = unmappable.
    * imposible de resistir = impossible to resist.
    * intentar algo imposible = bang + Posesivo + head against.
    * intentar lograr lo imposible = square + the circle.
    * intentar lo imposible = attempt + the impossible, be an attempt at the impossible, square + the circle.
    * lograr lo imposible = achieve + the impossible, accomplish + the impossible.
    * mejor imposible = as good as it gets.
    * no hay nada imposible = all bets are off.
    * pretender lograr lo imposible = square + the circle.
    * pretender lo imposible = square + the circle.
    * resultar imposible = prove + impossible.
    * ser imposible = be out of the question, be dead meat.
    * sueño imposible = impossible dream.

    * * *
    A [ SER] ‹sueño/amor› impossible
    es imposible hacerlo en menos tiempo it's impossible to do it any quicker
    me es imposible acompañarte it's impossible for me to go with you
    le resultaba imposible concentrarse he found it impossible to concentrate
    es imposible que lo sepan they can't possibly know
    es imposible de explicar it's impossible to explain
    los médicos hicieron lo imposible para salvarlo the doctors did everything they could to try and save him
    hizo lo imposible para convencerla he did everything he could o he did his utmost to persuade her
    B
    1 (inaguantable) ‹persona› impossible
    está imposible hoy he's (being) impossible today
    es un niño imposible he's an impossible o a very difficult child
    2 ( Chi fam) (sucio, desaseado) filthy
    me pides un imposible you're asking me for something that's impossible, you're asking the impossible of me
    * * *

     

    imposible adjetivo
    1 [ser] ‹sueño/amor› impossible;

    es imposible que lo sepan they can't possibly know;
    hicieron lo imposible they did everything they could
    2 ( inaguantable) ‹ persona› impossible;

    imposible
    I adjetivo
    1 impossible: resulta imposible de creer, it's impossible to believe
    es imposible que ya hayan vuelto, they can't possibly have got back already
    2 fam (inaguantable, intratable) unbearable: tiene un carácter imposible, he is quite unbearable
    II sustantivo masculino the impossible, impossible thing: no me pidas imposibles, don't ask me for the impossible
    ♦ Locuciones: hacer lo imposible, to do one's utmost: hicieron lo imposible por ayudar a los heridos, they did their utmost to help the injured
    ' imposible' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    dejar
    - me
    - tener
    - venga
    - cuenta
    - estar
    - imposibilitar
    - ser
    - vida
    English:
    defy
    - democracy
    - detection
    - impossible
    - question
    - that
    - unreadable
    - virtually
    - awkward
    - clearly
    - hell
    - hopeless
    - job
    - notice
    - physically
    - possibly
    - rule
    - the
    - unobtainable
    - way
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [irrealizable] impossible;
    nos fue imposible asistir we were unable to be there;
    es imposible de arreglar it's impossible to fix, it can't be fixed;
    es imposible que no se haya enterado he must have found out;
    es imposible que se lo haya dicho he can't possibly have told her;
    hacer lo imposible to do everything possible and more
    2. Fam [insoportable] impossible;
    estos niños son imposibles these kids are impossible;
    el tráfico en el centro estaba imposible the traffic in the centre was impossible o a nightmare
    ♦ nm
    me estás pidiendo un imposible you're asking the impossible of me;
    pedir imposibles to ask for the impossible
    * * *
    adj impossible;
    hacer lo imposible do everything in one’s power
    * * *
    : impossible
    * * *
    imposible adj impossible

    Spanish-English dictionary > imposible

  • 10 viejo

    adj.
    1 old, elderly, senile, long in the tooth.
    2 old, aged, antique.
    m.
    1 old man, elder, old timer, aged man.
    2 father.
    * * *
    1 (gen) old
    2 (desgastado) old, worn-out
    3 (antiguo) old, ancient
    ► nombre masculino,nombre femenino
    1 (hombre) old man; (mujer) old woman
    1 elderly people
    \
    caerse de viejo,-a figurado to be falling apart with age
    estar viejo,-a to look old
    hacer la cuenta a la vieja to count on one's fingers
    hacerse viejo,-a to grow old
    más viejo,-a que Matusalén / más viejo,-a que ir a pie familiar as old as the hills
    mi viejo,-a familiar (hombre) my old man, the old man 2 (mujer) my old woman, my old lady, the old lady
    mis viejos familiar my folks, my parents
    morir de viejo to die of old age
    ser gato viejo / ser perro viejo familiar to be a sly old fox
    viejo verde familiar dirty old man
    * * *
    1. (f. - vieja)
    adj.
    1) old
    2) worn
    2. (f. - vieja)
    noun
    old man / woman
    * * *
    viejo, -a
    1. ADJ
    1) (=de mucha edad) old

    hacerse o ponerse viejo — to grow old, get old

    de viejo me gustaría vivir junto al mar — when I'm old, I'd like to live by the sea

    - más viejo que el cagar
    2) (=envejecido) old
    3) (=usado) old

    ropa vieja — old clothes [pl] ; (=de segunda mano) secondhand clothes [pl]

    4) (=antiguo) old
    5)
    2. SM/ F
    1) (=persona mayor) old man/old woman

    los viejos — the elderly, old people

    el Viejo de Pascua — (LAm) Father Christmas

    verde 1., 6)
    2) (LAm)
    *

    mi viejo — (=padre, esposo) my old man *

    mi vieja — (=madre, esposa) my old woman *

    mis viejos — ( esp LAm) (=padres) my parents, my folks *

    3) (LAm)
    * (en oración directa) (=querido) darling
    4) (LAm)
    * (=chica)

    las viejas — the chicks *, the birds *

    5) *
    (como excl) (=tío, colega) mate *, pal *, buddy (EEUU) *
    * * *
    I
    - ja adjetivo
    1) [ser] <persona/animal> old; <coche/ropa/casa> old

    ser más viejo que Matusalén — to be as old as the hills

    2)
    a) [estar] <persona/animal> ( envejecido) old
    b) [estar] <zapatos/pantalones> ( desgastado) old
    3) (delante del n) ( antiguo) <costumbre/amigo> old
    •
    II
    - ja masculino, femenino
    1) (m) old man; (f) old woman

    los viejos — old people, the elderly

    un viejecito or viejito encantador — a delightful old man

    de viejo: se casó de viejo he was an old man when he got married; se murió de viejo — he died of old age

    mi viejo/mi vieja — my old man/lady (colloq)

    tus viejos — your folks, your Mom and Dad

    3) (AmL) (hablándole a un niño, al cónyuge etc) darling (colloq), love (colloq); ( a un amigo) buddy (AmE), mate (BrE)
    4) (Méx fam) ( esposo) (m) old man (colloq); (f) old woman o lady (colloq)
    * * *
    I
    - ja adjetivo
    1) [ser] <persona/animal> old; <coche/ropa/casa> old

    ser más viejo que Matusalén — to be as old as the hills

    2)
    a) [estar] <persona/animal> ( envejecido) old
    b) [estar] <zapatos/pantalones> ( desgastado) old
    3) (delante del n) ( antiguo) <costumbre/amigo> old
    •
    II
    - ja masculino, femenino
    1) (m) old man; (f) old woman

    los viejos — old people, the elderly

    un viejecito or viejito encantador — a delightful old man

    de viejo: se casó de viejo he was an old man when he got married; se murió de viejo — he died of old age

    mi viejo/mi vieja — my old man/lady (colloq)

    tus viejos — your folks, your Mom and Dad

    3) (AmL) (hablándole a un niño, al cónyuge etc) darling (colloq), love (colloq); ( a un amigo) buddy (AmE), mate (BrE)
    4) (Méx fam) ( esposo) (m) old man (colloq); (f) old woman o lady (colloq)
    * * *
    viejo1
    = old [older -comp., oldest -sup.], long-standing, age-old, olde, hoary [hoarier -comp., hoariest -sup.], senile, timeworn, long-time [longtime].

    Ex: These circumvent many of the problems that must be tackled in subject indexing such as the emergence of new terms and new meanings for old words.

    Ex: The struggle to make the library an integral part of the educational process is a long-standing one which has yet to be resolved.
    Ex: The current environment in higher education is providing an opportunity for librarians to define a future that will ensure their central role in the educational process and thus resolve these remaining age-old questions.
    Ex: The article 'Ye olde smart card' presents an annotated list of information sources on the credit card industry.
    Ex: I know this is a rather hoary topic, but I am going to mention it again.
    Ex: However, the advertisements were not found to support the societal stereotypes that the aged are inflexible, senile, physically deteriorated, and dependent.
    Ex: In the crest of the timeworn Black Mountains lies the summit of Mount Mitchell, the highest point east of the Mississippi.
    Ex: The late James Bennet Childs, one-time head of Descriptive Cataloging at LC and long-time documents specialist, has often pointed out how the quality of documents cataloging went downhill after the special cataloging unit was abolished.
    * cada vez más viejo = aging [ageing].
    * coche viejo = lemon, jalopy.
    * de la vieja guardia = old-style.
    * desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.
    * loro viejo no aprende a hablar = you can't teach an old dog new tricks.
    * los viejos tiempos = the good old days.
    * más viejo que Matusalén = as old as Methuselah, as old as the hills.
    * morir de viejo = die of + old age.
    * Posesivo + viejas costumbres = Posesivo + old ways, Posesivo + old ways.
    * Posesivo + viejos hábitos = Posesivo + old ways, Posesivo + old ways.
    * ropa vieja = bubble and squeak.
    * vieja escuela, la = old school, the.
    * vieja guardia, la = old guard, the.
    * viejas costumbres nunca desaparecen, las = old ways never die, the.
    * viejo amigo = old friend, old buddy.
    * viejo amor = old flame.
    * Viejo Mundo, el = Old World, the.
    * viejos tiempos, los = good old days, the.
    * vino viejo en pellejos nuevos = old wine in new bottles.

    viejo2
    = old geezer, oldtimer [old-timer], old man, wrinkly [wrinklies, -pl.], long in the tooth.

    Ex: 'Old geezer!' exclaimed Carpozzi, staggered, dumbfounded.

    Ex: Throughout the book, he demonstrates how racial tensions often overshadowed class and cultural differences between oldtimers and newcomers.
    Ex: The book follows Philip's development from a bashful teenager to a more self-assured, but tortured, adult, and finally to a pathetic old man, who often suffered from long bouts of debilitating depression.
    Ex: These wrinklies are the wise men who have been to hell and back.
    Ex: Training would be needed for the reception staff, who all said they were a bit long in the tooth for learning how to use a computer.
    * el viejo = the elder.
    * Plinio el Viejo = Pliny the Elder.
    * Posesivo + viejo = Posesivo + old man.
    * viejo chochopelmazo = dodderer, old fart.
    * viejo gruñón = grumpy old man, grumpy old sod.
    * viejo lobo de mar = old sea dog, old salty dog.
    * viejo pelmazo = old fart.
    * viejo pesado = old fart.
    * viejo verde = dirty old man.
    * viejo veterano = war horse.

    * * *
    viejo1 -ja
    A
    1 [ SER] ‹persona/animal› (de edad) old
    no es tan viejo como parece he's not as old as he looks
    te estás haciendo viejo you're getting old
    ese peinado te hace vieja that hairstyle makes you look old
    2 [ SER] ‹coche/ropa/casa› old
    toda la ropa que tengo es vieja all my clothes are old
    ser más viejo que Matusalén or (CS) que andar a pie to be as old as the hills
    ese remedio es más viejo que Matusalén or que andar a pie that cure is as old as the hills o ( colloq) has been around for donkey's years
    3
    de viejo: una librería de viejo a secondhand bookshop
    B
    1 [ ESTAR] ‹persona/animal› (envejecido) old
    ya está viejo he's got(ten) old
    ¡qué vieja estoy! ¡mírame las arrugas! I look so old! just look at these wrinkles!
    2 [ ESTAR] ‹zapatos/pantalones› (desgastado) old
    es un abrigo bonito pero ya está viejo it's a nice coat but it's seen better days o it's getting old
    C ( delante del n) (antiguo) ‹costumbre/amigo› old
    estábamos recordando los viejos tiempos we were remembering old times o the old days
    una vieja leyenda an old legend
    Compuestos:
    feminine old guard
    el Viejo Mundo the Old World
    masculine Old Testament
    D (anterior, precedente) old
    la cocina vieja era mejor que ésta the old stove was better than this one
    viejo2 -ja
    masculine, feminine
    A ( masculine) old man; ( feminine) old woman
    los viejos old people, the elderly
    no llegará a viejo he'll never reach old age
    de viejo hizo las paces con ella as an old man o when he was old he made his peace with her
    un viejo gruñón a grumpy old man
    una viejecita or viejita muy amable a dear o sweet little old lady
    un viejecito or viejito encantador a delightful old man
    Compuestos:
    masculine ( fam); dirty old man
    B ( fam)
    (refiriéndose a los padres): mayor que mi viejo/mi vieja older than my old man/my old lady ( colloq)
    pídele dinero a tus viejos ask your folks o your Mom and Dad for some money ( colloq)
    C ( AmL fam) (hablándole a un niño, al cónyuge etc) darling ( colloq), love ( colloq)
    (hablándole a un amigo): ¿te tomas otra copa, viejo? do you want another drink, pal o ( AmE) buddy o ( BrE) mate? ( colloq)
    D ( Méx fam) (esposo) ( masculine) old man ( colloq); ( feminine) old woman o girl ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    viejo
    ◊ -ja adjetivo

    1 [ser] ‹persona/animal› old;
    ‹coche/ropa/casa› old;

    2
    a) [estar] ‹persona/animal› ( envejecido) old;


    ¡qué vieja estoy! I look so old!
    b) [estar] ‹zapatos/pantalones› ( desgastado) old

    3 ( delante del n) ( antiguo) ‹costumbre/amigo› old;

    Vviejo Testamento Old Testament
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
    1 (m) old man;
    (f) old woman;

    llegar a viejo to reach old age;
    se casó de viejo he was an old man when he got married;
    se murió de viejo he died of old age;
    Vviejo Pascuero (Chi) See Also→ Papá Noel;
    viejo verde or (Méx) viejo rabo verde (fam) dirty old man
    2 (fam) ( refiriéndose a los padres):
    ◊ mi viejo/mi vieja my old man/lady (colloq);

    tus viejos your folks, your Mom and Dad
    3 (AmL) (hablándole a un niño, al cónyuge etc) darling (colloq), love (colloq);
    ( a un amigo) buddy (AmE), mate (BrE)
    4 (Méx fam) ( esposo) (m) old man (colloq);
    (f) old woman o lady (colloq)
    viejo,-a
    I adjetivo old
    una vieja iglesia, an old church
    II sustantivo masculino y femenino old person
    (hombre) old man
    fam (padre) dad
    (mujer) old woman
    fam (madre) mum, US mom
    fam (los padres) los viejos, the parents o folks
    ' viejo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    acabada
    - acabado
    - cacharro
    - casarse
    - casco
    - continente
    - engarzar
    - ir
    - resabio
    - retrasarse
    - tartana
    - usada
    - usado
    - verde
    - vieja
    - zorra
    - zorro
    - antiguo
    - barrigón
    - cafetera
    - carcacha
    - cascajo
    - chocho
    - de
    - envejecer
    - llegar
    - maña
    - para
    - vez
    English:
    ageing
    - archaic
    - banger
    - battered
    - dig out
    - dinosaur
    - dirty
    - ditch
    - dog
    - fall for
    - frumpy
    - get on
    - grouch
    - hulk
    - irascible
    - locate
    - long-standing
    - old
    - old-looking
    - rickety
    - rust
    - salvage
    - shabby
    - standby
    - sugar daddy
    - swap for
    - trade in
    - used
    - date
    - decrepit
    - dirty old man
    - father
    - junk
    - Santa Claus
    - second-hand
    - stale
    - way
    * * *
    viejo, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [en edad] old;
    está muy viejo para su edad he looks very old for his age;
    ya soy o [m5] estoy viejo para estas cosas I'm a bit old for that sort of thing;
    esa ropa te hace más viejo those clothes make you look older;
    hacerse viejo to get o grow old;
    de viejo fue cuando empezó a viajar it was only as an old man that he started to travel;
    morirse de viejo to die from old age;
    RP Fam
    ser más viejo que andar a pie to be as old as the hills, to have come out of the ark
    2. [usado] [ropa, aparato] old;
    estas botas están ya viejas these boots are worn out o past it now;
    una radio vieja an old radio;
    una librería de viejo a second-hand bookshop
    3. [antiguo] old;
    viejas canciones old songs;
    un viejo conocido an old acquaintance;
    es un chiste muy viejo it's a really old joke
    4. RP [de toda la vida]
    baila muy bien, es tanguero viejo he dances very well, he's always loved tango;
    a ése no le creas, que es mentiroso viejo don't you believe him, he's a born liar
    ♦ nm,f
    1. [anciano] old man, f old lady;
    los viejos the elderly;
    los viejos del pueblo the old people in the village;
    llegar a viejo to live to be an old man
    RP Fam el viejo de la bolsa the bogeyman; Chile el Viejo Pascuero o de Pascua Santa Claus, Father Christmas;
    viejo verde dirty old man
    2. Fam [padre] old man;
    [madre] old girl;
    mis viejos my folks
    3. Am Fam [apelativo] [amigo] pal, Br mate, US buddy;
    [amiga] girl, US girlfriend;
    ¿qué hay de nuevo, viejo? what's new, Br mate o US buddy?
    4. Méx, RP Fam [apelativo] [esposo, esposa] Br love, US honey
    5. RP Fam [apelativo] [cariñoso o paternalista] Br love, US honey;
    ¿querés un caramelo, mi viejo? Br do you want a sweet, love?, US do you want a piece of candy, honey?
    * * *
    I adj old
    II m old man;
    mis viejos L.Am. fam my folks fam
    * * *
    viejo, -ja adj
    1) anciano: old, elderly
    2) antiguo: former, longstanding
    viejas tradiciones: old traditions
    viejos amigos: old friends
    3) gastado: old, worn, worn-out
    viejo, -ja n
    anciano: old man m, old woman f
    * * *
    viejo1 adj old
    viejo2 n old man [pl. men]

    Spanish-English dictionary > viejo

  • 11 κατά

    κατά (Hom.+) prep. (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά beg., also LfgrE s.v. κατά 1346; with the gen. 74 times in NT; w. acc. 391 times in NT).
    A. w. the gen.
    ⓐ of location that is relatively lower, down from someth. (Hom. et al.; LXX; Ath. 1, 4 κ. κόρρης προπηλακίζειν=to smack on one side of the head) ὁρμᾶν κ. τοῦ κρημνοῦ rush down (from) the bank (cp. Polyb. 38, 16, 7 κ. τῶν κρημνῶν ῥίπτειν; Jos., Bell. 1, 313) Mt 8:32; Mk 5:13; Lk 8:33. κ. κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have someth. on one’s head (lit. hanging down fr. the head, as a veil. Cp. Plut., Mor. 200f ἐβάδιζε κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχων τὸ ἱμάτιον.; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 499, 5 of a mummy ἔχων τάβλαν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου) 1 Cor 11:4.
    ⓑ of position relatively deep, into someth. (Od. 9, 330 κ. σπείους ‘into the depths of the cave’; Hdt. 7, 235; X., An. 7, 1, 30) ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία extreme (lit. ‘reaching down into the depths’; cp. Strabo 9, 3, 5 [419] ἄντρον κοῖλον κ. βάθους) or abysmal poverty 2 Cor 8:2. This may perh. be the mng. of πλήσσειν τινὰ κ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν strike someone deep into the eyes ApcPt 11:26 (cp. Demosth. 19, 197 ξαίνει κ. τοῦ νώτου; PPetr II, 18 [2b], 15 [246 B.C.] ἔτυπτεν αὐτὸν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου).—κ. γαστρός Just., D. 78, 3 for ἐν γαστρί Mt 1:18 (cp. Ath. 35, 2 τὸ κ. γαστρὸς ζῶον εἶναι).
    ⓒ extension in various directions within an area, throughout (so in Luke’s writings; Polyb. 3, 19, 7 κ. τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν; PGiss 48, 8 κ. κυριακῆς γῆς; Jos., Ant. 8, 297; SibOr 3, 222; 4, 24; 5, 305) γνωστὸν γενέσθαι καθʼ ὅλης Ἰόππης become known throughout all Joppa Ac 9:42. καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας 9:31; 10:37; Lk 23:5. φήμη ἐξῆλθεν καθʼ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 4:14.
    ② down upon, toward, against someone or someth, fig. ext. of 1.
    ⓐ w. verbs of swearing, to denote what one swears by (Thu. 5, 47, 8; Lysias 32, 13; Isaeus 7, 28; Demosth. 21, 119; 29, 26; SIG 526, 4ff; 685, 25; UPZ 110, 39 [164 B.C.]; BGU 248, 13; Jdth 1:12; Is 45:23; 2 Ch 36:13) by ἐξορκίζειν (q.v.) Mt 26:63. ὀμνύναι (q.v.) Hb 6:13, 16. ὁρκίζειν (q.v.) Hs 9, 10, 5. Sim. ἐρωτᾶν κ. τινος request, entreat by someone Hv 3, 2, 3.
    ⓑ in a hostile sense, against
    α. after verbs that express hostile action, etc. διχάζειν Mt 10:35. ἐπαίρεσθαι 2 Cor 10:5. ἰσχύειν Ac 19:16. κακοῦν 14:2. στρατεύεσθαι 1 Pt 2:11. φυσιοῦσθαι 1 Cor 4:6
    β. after words and expressions that designate hostile speech, esp. an accusation ἔχειν (τι) κ. τινος have or hold someth. against someone Rv 2:4, 14, 20. φέρειν J 18:29. ἐγκαλεῖν Ro 8:33. ἐντυγχάνειν τινὶ κ. τινος 11:2 (TestJob 17:5). κατηγορεῖν Lk 23:14. ποιεῖν κρίσιν Jd 15a. τὸ κ. ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον the bond that stands against us Col 2:14. ἐμφανίζειν Ac 24:1; 25:2. αἰτεῖσθαί τι 25:3, 15. αἱ κ. τινος αἰτίαι vs. 27. εἰπεῖν πονηρόν Mt 5:11 (cp. Soph., Phil. 65 κακὰ λέγειν κ. τινος. X., Hell. 1, 5, 2; Isocr., C. Nic. 13; Plut., Mor. 2a λέγειν κ.; SIG 1180, 1 λέγειν κ. τινος; Just., A I, 23, 3; 49, 6 κ. τῶν … ὁμολογούντων). λαλεῖν ῥήματα Ac 6:13; cp. Jd 15b (TestDan 4:3; JosAs 23:15). μαρτυρεῖν κ. τ. θεοῦ give testimony in contradiction to God 1 Cor 15:15. ζητεῖν μαρτυρίαν κ. τινος testimony against someone Mk 14:55. ψευδομαρτυρεῖν 14:56f. ψευδομαρτυρία Mt 26:59. γογγύζειν 20:11. στενάζειν Js 5:9. διδάσκειν Ac 21:28. συμβούλιον διδόναι (ποιεῖν v.l.) Mk 3:6; ς. λαβεῖν Mt 27:1. ψεύδεσθαι Js 3:14 (Lysias 22, 7; X., Ap. 13; Ath. 35, 1 καθʼ ἡμῶν … κατεψεύσατο).
    γ. after expressions that designate such a position or state of mind in a different way εἶναι κ. τινος be against someone (opp. ὑπέρ) Mk 9:40 (WNestle, ZNW 13, 1912, 84–87; AFridrichsen, ibid., 273–80); Ro 8:31; (opp. μετά) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23. δύνασθαί τι κ. τινος be able to do someth. against someone 2 Cor 13:8. ἔχειν τι κ. τινος have someth. against someone (in one’s heart) Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; Hs 9, 24, 2; cp. ibid. 23, 2, where the acc. is to be supplied. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. ἐπιθυμεῖν Gal 5:17. μερίζεσθαι καθʼ ἑαυτῆς Mt 12:25. Cp. 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18).—κατά prob. means against also in ἔβαλεν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος Ac 27:14. ἐτελείωσαν κ. τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα they completed the full measure of sins against their own head GPt 5:17.
    B. w. acc. (so in the NT 399 times [besides καθʼ εἷς and κατὰ εἷς])
    ⓐ of extension in space, along, over, through, in, upon (Hom. et al.; OGI 90, 7 ἐκ τῶν κ. τ. χώραν ἱερῶν; PHib 82, 19; PTebt 5, 188; LXX; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5) Ac 24:12. καθʼ ὅλην τ. πόλιν throughout the city Lk 8:39 (cp. Diod S 4, 10, 6 καθʼ ὅλην τὴν Ἐλλάδα). ἐγένετο λιμὸς κ. τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 15:14. κ. τὰς κώμας 9:6. κ. πόλεις καὶ κώμας 13:22 (Appian., Maced. 9 §1 and 4 κ. πόλεις; Just., A I, 67, 3 κ. πόλεις ἢ ἀγρούς).—κ. τόπους in place after place Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11 (Theophr., περὶ σημ. 1, 4 p. 389 W.; Cat. Cod. Astr. III 28, 11 ἐν μέρει τ. ἀνατολῆς κ. τόπους, VIII/3, 186, 1 λιμὸς καὶ λοιμὸς καὶ σφαγαὶ κ. τόπους). οἱ ὄντες κ. τὴν Ἰουδαίαν those throughout Judea or living in Judea Ac 11:1. διασπαρῆναι κ. τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας be scattered over the regions of Judea 8:1. κ. τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν in the congregation there 13:1. τοῖς κ. τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν καὶ Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν ἀδελφοῖς 15:23. τοὺς κ. τὰ ἔθνη Ἰουδαίους the Judeans (dispersed) throughout the nations 21:21. τοῖς κ. τὸν νόμον γεγραμμένοις throughout the law = in the law 24:14b. κ. τὴν ὁδόν along or on the way (Lucian, Catapl. 4; Jos., Ant. 8, 404) Lk 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. τὸ κ. Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν πέλαγος the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia 27:5; but the geographical designation τὰ μέρη τ. Λιβύης τῆς κ. Κυρήνην 2:10 prob. belongs to b: the parts of Libya toward Cyrene.
    ⓑ of extension toward, toward, to, up to ἐλθεῖν (γίνεσθαι v.l.) κ. τὸν τόπον come up to the place (Jos., Vi. 283) Lk 10:32. ἐλθόντες κ. τὴν Μυσίαν to Mysia Ac 16:7; cp. 27:7. πορεύεσθαι κ. μεσημβρίαν (s. μεσημβρία 2) toward the south 8:26 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 505). κ. σκοπὸν διώκειν run (over the course) toward the goal Phil 3:14. λιμὴν βλέπων κ. λίβα καὶ κ. χῶρον a harbor open to the southwest and northwest Ac 27:12 (s. βλέπω 8).—κ. πρόσωπον to the face (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 205) Gal 2:11. ἔχειν τινὰ κ. πρόσωπον meet someone face to face (Thieme 19 has reff. for the use of κατὰ πρόσωπον as a legal formula) Ac 25:16. κ. πρόσωπον ταπεινός humble when personally present 2 Cor 10:1. κ. πρόσωπόν τινος in the presence of someone Lk 2:31; Ac 3:13. τὰ κ. πρόσωπον what lies before one’s eyes, i.e. is obvious 2 Cor 10:7. κ. ὀφθαλμοὺς προγράφειν portray before one’s eyes Gal 3:1.
    ⓒ of isolation or separateness, by (Thu. 1, 138, 6 οἱ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς Ἕλληνες ‘the Greeks by themselves’; Polyb. 1, 24, 4; 5, 78, 3; 11, 17, 6; Diod S 13, 72, 8; Gen 30:40; 43:32; 2 Macc 13:13; Philo, Migr. Abr. 87; 90; Just., D. 4, 5 αὐτὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν γενομένη; Tat. 13, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν; Ath. 15, 2 ὁ πηλὸς καθʼ ἑαυτόν) ἔχειν τι καθʼ ἑαυτόν keep someth. to oneself Ro 14:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 255; Heliod. 7, 16, 1). καθʼ ἑαυτὸν μένειν live by oneself of the private dwelling of Paul in Rome Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρὰ καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 3, 43 τὸ σῶμα καθʼ αὑτὸ νεκρόν ἐστιν). ἡ κατʼ οἶκον ἐκκλησία the congregation in the house Ro 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19. κατʼ ἰδίαν s. ἴδιος 5. κ. μόνας (Thu. 1, 32, 5; Menand., Epitr. 988 S. [658 Kö.], Fgm. 146 Kö. [158 Kock]; Polyb. 4, 15, 11; Diod S 4, 51, 16; BGU 813, 15 [s. APF 2, 1903, 97]; LXX) alone, by oneself Mk 4:10; Lk 9:18; Hm 11:8 (here, as well as BGU loc. cit. and LXX, written as one word καταμόνας).
    ⓓ of places viewed serially, distributive use w. acc., x by x (Arrian., Anab. 4, 21, 10 κ. σκηνήν=tent by tent) or from x to x: κατʼ οἶκον from house to house (PLond III, 904, 20 p. 125 [104 A.D.] ἡ κατʼ οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή) Ac 2:46b; 5:42 (both in ref. to various house assemblies or congregations; w. less probability NRSV ‘at home’); cp. 20:20. Likew. the pl. κ. τοὺς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος 8:3. κ. τὰς συναγωγάς 22:19. κ. πόλιν (Jos., Ant. 6, 73) from city to city IRo 9:3, but in every (single) city Ac 15:21; 20:23; Tit 1:5. Also κ. πόλιν πᾶσαν (cp. Herodian 1, 14, 9) Ac 15:36; κ. πᾶσαν πόλιν 20:23 D. κ. πόλιν καὶ κώμην Lk 8:1; cp. vs. 4.
    ② marker of temporal aspect (Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, apolog.)
    ⓐ in definite indications of time: at, on, during (Hdt. 8, 17; Polemon Soph. B 43 Reader κατʼ ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ‘in the course of that day’) κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beginning (cp. ἀρχή 1b) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26). κ. τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ in the day of trial 3:8 (Ps 94:8.—Cp. Antig. Car. 173 κ. τὸν σπόρου καιρόν). νεκροῦ … ἀνάστασιν κατʼ αὐτὸν γεγονυῖαν ἱστορεῖ (Papias) reports that a resurrection from the dead occurred in his time Papias (2, 9; so, with personal names, Hdt.; Just., D. 23, 1 τοῦ θεοῦ … τοῦ κ. τὸν Ἐνώχ; Tat. 31, 2 Θεαγένης … κ. Καμβύσην γεγονώς). Of the future: κ. τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον at that time, then Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10). Of the past: κ. ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρόν at that time, then (2 Macc 3:5; TestJos 12:1; Jos., Ant. 8, 266; cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ Konon: 26 Fgm. 3 p. 191, 25 Jac.; Just., A I, 17, 2; 26, 3 al.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. κ. καιρόν at that time, then Ro 5:6 (Just., D. 132, 1; cp. OGI 90, 28 καθʼ ὸ̔ν καιρόν), unless καιρός here means the right time (s. καιρός 1b end). κατʼ ὄναρ (as καθʼ ὕπνον Gen 20:6; Just., D 60, 5 κ. τοὺς ὕπνους) during a dream, in a dream Mt 1:20; 2:12 (s. s.v. ὄναρ for ins).
    ⓑ with indefinite indications of time: toward, about κ. τὸ μεσονύκτιον about midnight Ac 16:25; cp. 27:27.—8:26 (s. μεσημβρία 1).
    ⓒ distributively (cp. 1d): x period by x period: κατʼ ἔτος every year (s. ἔτος) Lk 2:41. Also κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν (s. ἐνιαυτός 1) Hb 9:25; 10:1, 3. καθʼ ἡμέραν daily, every day (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49; Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l. ἡ ἐπίστασις ἡ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἐπίστασις) 2 Cor 11:28. κ. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν every day (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:7. Also καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Hb 3:13. κ. μίαν σαββάτου on the first day of every week 1 Cor 16:2. κ. πᾶν σάββατον every Sabbath Ac 13:27; 15:21b; 18:4. κ. μῆνα ἕκαστον each month Rv 22:2 (κ. μῆνα as SIG 153, 65; POxy 275, 18; 2 Macc 6:7). κ. ἑορτήν at each festival Mt 27:15; Mk 15:6.
    ③ marker of division of a greater whole into individual parts, at a time, in detail, distributive use apart from indications of place (s. above 1d) and time (s. 2c)
    ⓐ w. numerals: κ. δύο ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον τρεῖς two or, at the most, three at a time (i.e. in any one meeting, cp. ἀνὰ μέρος) 1 Cor 14:27 (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 42 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς; Jos., Ant. 3, 142 κ. ἕξ; 5, 172 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς). καθʼ ἕνα (on this and the foll. s. εἷς 5e) singly, one after the other vs. 31. κ. ἕνα λίθον each individual stone Hs 9, 3, 5; καθʼ ἕνα λίθον 9, 6, 3. κ. ἓν ἕκαστον one by one, in detail Ac 21:19; 1 Cl 32:1 (Ath. 28, 4 καθʼ ἕκαστον). εἷς καθʼ εἷς Mk 14:19; J 8:9; cp. Ro 12:5 (B-D-F §305; Rob. 460). κ. ἑκατὸν καὶ κ. πεντήκοντα in hundreds and in fifties Mk 6:40.
    ⓑ περί τινος λέγειν κ. μέρος speak of someth. in detail Hb 9:5 (s. μέρος 1c). κατʼ ὄνομα (each one) by name (ἀσπάζομαι … τοὺς ἐνοίκους πάντες κα[τʼ] ὄνομα PTebt [III A.D.] 422, 11–16; Jos., Vi. 86) J 10:3; 3J 15 (cp. BGU 27, 18); ISm 13:2.
    ④ marker of intention or goal, for the purpose of, for, to (Thu. 6, 31, 1 κ. θέαν ἥκειν=to look at something; cp. Sb 7263, 6 [254 B.C.]; X., An. 3, 5, 2 καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι; Arrian, Anab. 1, 17, 12; 4, 5, 1; 21, 9; 6, 17, 6; 26, 2; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 2, 29; Anton. Lib., Fab. 24, 1 Δημήτηρ ἐπῄει γῆν ἅπασαν κ. ζήτησιν τῆς θυγατρός; 38; Jdth 11:19) κ. τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων for the Jewish ceremonial purification J 2:6. κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω to my shame 2 Cor 11:21 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 268 κ. τιμὴν τ. θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν). ἀπόστολος … κ. πίστιν … καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν an apostle … for the faith … and the knowledge Tit 1:1 (but the mng. ‘in accordance with’ is also prob.).
    ⑤ marker of norm of similarity or homogeneity, according to, in accordance with, in conformity with, according to
    ⓐ to introduce the norm which governs someth.
    α. the norm of the law, etc. (OGI 56, 33; Mitt-Wilck., I/2, 352, 11 κ. τὰ κελευσθέντα [as Just., D. 78, 7]; POxy 37 II, 8) κ. τὸν νόμον (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51; Just., D. 10, 1 al.; Ath. 31, 1; κ. τοὺς νόμους Ἀρεοπαγείτης, letter of MAurelius: ZPE 8, ’71, 169, ln. 27) Lk 2:22; J 18:31; 19:7; Hb 7:5. τὰ κ. τ. νόμον what is to be done according to the law Lk 2:39 (cp. EpArist 32). κ. τὸ ὡρισμένον in accordance w. what has been determined 22:22. Cp. 1:9; 2:24, 27, 42; Ac 17:2; 22:3. κ. τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου Ro 2:16; 16:25a; 2 Ti 2:8. κ. τὸ εἰρημένον Ro 4:18 (cp. Ath. 28, 1 κ. τὰ προειρημένα). κ. τὰς γραφάς (Just., D. 82, 4; cp. Paus. 6, 21, 10 κ. τὰ ἔπη=according to the epic poems; Just., A I, 32, 14 κ. τὸ λόγιον, D. 67, 1 κ. τὴν προφητείαν ταύτην) 1 Cor 15:3; cp. Js 2:8. κ. τὴν παράδοσιν Mk 7:5 (Tat. 39, 1 κ. τὴν Ἑλλήνων παράδοσιν).—κ. λόγον as one wishes (exx. in Dssm., B 209 [not in BS]; also PEleph 13, 1; 3 Macc 3:14) Ac 18:14 (though 5bβ below is also prob.).—It can also stand simply w. the acc. of the pers. according to whose will, pleasure, or manner someth. occurs κ. θεόν (cp. Socrat., Ep. 14, 5 κ. θεόν; 26, 2; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 1 Jac. and Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 84 §352 κ. δαίμονα; Jos., Ant. 4, 143 ὁ κ. τοῦτον[=θεόν] βίος; Just., D. 5, 1 κ. τινας … Πλατωνικούς; Tat. 1, 3 κ. … τὸν κωμικόν) Ro 8:27; 2 Cor 7:9–11; κ. Χριστὸν Ἰ. Ro 15:5. κ. κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. Cp. 1 Pt 1:15. κ. τ. Ἕλληνας in the manner of the Greeks, i.e. polytheists PtK 2, p. 14, 1; 7. κ. Ἰουδαίους ln. 25.
    β. the norm according to which a judgment is rendered, or rewards or punishments are given ἀποδοῦναι τινι κ. τ. πρᾶξιν or ἔργα αὐτοῦ (Ps 61:13; Pr 24:12; Just., A I, 12, 1; 17, 4 al.; κατʼ ἀξίαν τῶν πράξεων) Mt 16:27; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 4:14; Rv 2:23. μισθὸν λήμψεται κ. τ. ἴδιον κόπον 1 Cor 3:8. κρίνειν κ. τι J 7:24; 8:15; 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Ro 2:2.
    γ. of a standard of any other kind κ. τ. χρόνον ὸ̔ν ἠκρίβωσεν in accordance w. the time which he had ascertained Mt 2:16. κ. τ. πίστιν ὑμῶν acc. to your faith 9:29. κ. τ. δύναμιν acc. to his capability 25:15 (Just., D. 139, 4; Tat. 12, 3; cp. Just., A II, 13, 6 κ. δύναμιν). Cp. Lk 1:38; 2:29; Ro 8:4; 10:2; Eph 4:7. ἀνὴρ κ. τ. καρδίαν μου Ac 13:22 (καρδία 1bε).
    δ. Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged: οἱ κ. πρόθεσιν κλητοί Ro 8:28. κατʼ ἐπιταγὴν θεοῦ 16:26; 1 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Eph 3:3 (Just., D. 78, 2). οἱ καθʼ ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ Ro 2:7. κατʼ ἐκλογήν 11:5 (Just., D. 49, 1). Cp. κ. τὴν βουλήν Eph 1:11 (Just., A I, 63, 16 al.); 2 Th 2:9; Hb 7:16. κ. τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο; by what shall I know this? (cp. Gen 15:8) Lk 1:18.—Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 219 D.: κ. τοὺς νόμους; Jos., Ant. 1, 259; 278; Just., A I, 54, 1 κατʼ ἐνέργειαν τῶν φαύλων δαιμόνων; Ath. 7, 1 κ. συμπάθειαν τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πνοῆς; 32, 1 κ. χρησμόν). κ. πᾶσαν αἰτίαν for any and every reason (αἰτία 1) Mt 19:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2. Cp. Ro 2:5; 1 Cor 12:8 (κ. τ. πνεῦμα = διὰ τοῦ πν.); Eph 1:5; 4:22b; Phil 4:11; 1 Ti 5:21; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 3:5; κ. ἀνάγκην Phlm 14 (Ar. 1, 2; 4, 2 al.; Just., A I, 30, 1; 61, 10; Ath. 24, 2); IPol 1:3. ὁ κ. τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 Pt 1:3.—καθʼ ὅσον (Thu. 4, 18, 4) in so far as, inasmuch as Hb 3:3. καθʼ ὅσον …, κ. τοσοῦτο in so far as …, just so far (Lysias 31, 8; Galen, De Dignosc. Puls. 3, 2, VIII 892 K.) 7:20, 22.
    ⓑ as a periphrasis to express equality, similarity, or example in accordance with, just as, similar(ly) to (TestJob 32:6 τίς γὰρ κ. σε ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου; Tat. 25, 1 κ. … τὸν Πρωτέα like Proteus; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 50: sheep are not burden-bearers κ. τοὺς ὄνους=as donkeys are).
    α. κ. τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε do not do as they do Mt 23:3. κ. Ἰσαάκ just as Isaac Gal 4:28. κ. θεὸν κτισθείς Eph 4:24 (Synes., Prov. 2, 2 p. 118c κ. θεόν=just as a god). Cp. Col 3:10. κ. τὸν τύπον Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; Mel., P. 58, 424 [νόμον v.l.]). Cp. 5:6 (Ps 109:4); 8:9 (Jer 38: 32); Js 3:9.—κ. τὰ αὐτά in (just) the same way (OGI 56, 66; PEleph 2, 6; 1 Macc 8:27; 12:2; Just., D. 1, 2; 3, 5; 113, 3) Lk 6:23, 26; 17:30; Dg 3:1. On the other hand, the sing. κ. τὸ αὐτό Ac 14:1 means together (marriage contract PEleph 1, 5 [IV B.C.] εἶναι ἡμᾶς κ. ταὐτό; 1 Km 11:11). καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον just as (2 Macc 6:20; 4 Macc 14:17) Ac 15:11; 27:25. καθʼ ὅσον …, οὕτως (just) as …, so Hb 9:27. κ. πάντα τρόπον in every way (PSI 520, 16 [250 B.C.]; PCairZen 631, 2; 3 Macc 3:24) Ro 3:2. κ. μηδένα τρόπον (PMagd 14, 9 [221 B.C.]; PRein 7, 31; 3 Macc 4:13; 4 Macc 4:24; Just., D. 35, 7; s. Reader, Polemo 262) 2 Th 2:3. Cp. Johannessohn, Kasus, 1910, 82. κατά w. acc. serves in general
    β. to indicate the nature, kind, peculiarity or characteristics of a thing (freq. as a periphrasis for the adv.; e.g. Antiochus of Syracuse [V B.C.]: 555 Fgm. 12 Jac. κ. μῖσος=out of hate, filled with hate) κατʼ ἐξουσίαν with authority or power Mk 1:27. κ. συγκυρίαν by chance Lk 10:31. κ. ἄγνοιαν without knowing Ac 3:17 (s. ἄγνοια 2a). κ. ἄνθρωπον 1 Cor 3:3 al. (s. Straub 15; Aeschyl., Th. 425; ἄνθρωπος 2b). κ. κράτος powerfully, Ac 19:20 (κράτος 1a). κ. λόγον reasonably, rightly (Pla.; Polyb. 1, 62, 4; 5; 5, 110, 10; Jos., Ant. 13, 195; PYale 42, 24 [12 Jan., 229 B.C.]) 18:14 (but s. above 5aα). λέγειν τι κ. συγγνώμην οὐ κατʼ ἐπιταγήν say someth. as a concession, not as a command 1 Cor 7:6; cp. 2 Cor 8:8. κ. τάξιν in (an) order(ly manner) 1 Cor 14:40 (τάξις 2). κατʼ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν with eye-service Eph 6:6. μηδὲν κατʼ ἐριθείαν μηδὲ κ. κενοδοξίαν Phil 2:3. κ. ζῆλος zealously 3:6a, unless this pass. belongs under 6 below, in its entirety. κ. σάρκα on the physical plane Ro 8:12f; 2 Cor 1:17; also 5:16ab, if here κ. ς. belongs w. οἴδαμεν or ἐγνώκαμεν (as Bachmann, JWeiss, H-D Wendland, Sickenberger take it; s. 7a below). καθʼ ὑπερβολήν (PTebt 42, 5f [c. 114 B.C.] ἠδικημένος καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπὸ, Ἁρμιύσιος; 4 Macc 3:18) beyond measure, beyond comparison Ro 7:13; 1 Cor 12:31; 2 Cor 4:17. καθʼ ὁμοιότητα (Aristot.; Gen 1:12; Philo, Fug. 51; Tat. 12, 4 κ. τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτῇ) in a similar manner Hb 4:15b. κ. μικρόν in brief B 1:5 (μικρός 1eγ).
    ⑥ denoting relationship to someth., with respect to, in relation to κ. σάρκα w. respect to the flesh, physically of human descent Ro 1:3; 4:1; 9:3, 5 (Ar. 15, 7 κ. σάρκα … κ. ψυχήν; Just., D. 43, 7 ἐν τῷ γένει τῷ κ. σάρκα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ al.). κ. τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον 7:22 (cp. POxy 904, 6 πληγαῖς κατακοπτόμενον κ. τὸ σῶμα). Cp. Ro 1:4; 11:28; Phil 3:5, 6b (for vs. 6a s. 5bβ above); Hb 9:9b. τὰ κ. τινα (Hdt. 7, 148; Diod S 1, 10, 73; Aelian, VH 2, 20; PEleph 13, 3; POxy 120, 14; Tob 10:9; 1 Esdr 9:17; 2 Macc 3:40; 9:3 al.) someone’s case, circumstances Ac 24:22 (cp. PEleph 13, 3 τὰ κ. σε; Just., A I, 61, 13 τὰ κ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν πάντα, D. 102, 2 τὰ κ. αὐτόν; Ath. 24, 4 τὸ κ. τοὺς ἀγγέλους); 25:14; Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. κ. πάντα in all respects (since Thu. 4, 81, 3; Sb 4324, 3; 5761, 22; SIG 834, 7; Gen 24:1; Wsd 19:22; 2 Macc 1:17; 3 Macc 5:42; JosAs 1:7; Just., A II, 4, 4, D. 35, 8 al.); Ac 17:22; Col 3:20, 22a; Hb 2:17 (Artem. 1, 13 αὐτῷ ὅμοιον κ. π.); 4:15a.
    ⑦ Somet. the κατά phrase, which would sound cumbersome in the rendering ‘such-and-such’, ‘in line with’, or ‘in accordance with’, is best rendered as an adj., a possessive pron., or with a genitival construction to express the perspective from which something is perceived or to be understood. In translation it thus functions as
    ⓐ an adj. (Synes., Kingdom 4 p. 4d τὰ κατʼ ἀρετὴν ἔργα i.e. the deeds that are commensurate with that which is exceptional = virtuous deeds; PHib 27, 42 ταῖς κ. σελήνην ἡμέραις; 4 Macc 5:18 κ. ἀλήθειαν=ἀληθής; Just., A I, 2, 1 τοὺς κ. ἀλήθειαν εὐσεβεῖς; Tat. 26, 2 τῆς κ. ἀλήθειαν σοφίας) οἱ κ. φύσιν κλάδοι the natural branches Ro 11:21. ἡ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν διδασκαλία 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Tit 1:1b. οἱ κ. σάρκα κύριοι the earthly masters (in wordplay, anticipating the κύριος who is in the heavens, vs. 9) Eph 6:5. Cp. 2 Cor 5:16b, in case (s. 5bβ above) κ. ς. belongs w. Χριστόν (as the majority, incl. Ltzm., take it): a physical Christ, a Christ in the flesh, in his earthly relationships (σάρξ 5). Correspondingly in vs. 16a κ. ς. would be taken w. οὐδένα: no one simply as a physical being.—JMartyn, JKnox Festschr., ’67, 269–87.
    ⓑ a possessive pron., but with limiting force (Demosth. 2, 27 τὰ καθʼ ὑμᾶς ἐλλείμματα [i.e. in contrast to the activities of others: ‘your own’]; Aelian, VH 2, 42 ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀρετή; 3, 36; OGI 168, 17 παραγεγονότες εἰς τοὺς καθʼ ὑμᾶς τόπους; SIG 646, 6; 807, 15 al.; UPZ 20, 9 [II B.C.] ἐπὶ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς λειτουργίας; PTebt 24, 64; 2 Macc 4:21; Tat. 42, 1 τίς ὁ θεὸς καὶ τίς ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ποίησις; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7 ἡ καθʼ ἡμᾶς φιλοσοφία) τῶν καθʼ ὑμᾶς ποιητῶν τινες some of your (own) poets Ac 17:28. ἡ καθʼ ὑμᾶς πίστις Eph 1:15. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς νόμος Ac 18:15. τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ πρόθυμον my eagerness Ro 1:15.
    ⓒ a gen. w. a noun (Polyb. 3, 113, 1 ἡ κ. τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατολή; 2, 48, 2; 3, 8, 1 al.; Diod S 14, 12 ἡ κ. τὸν τύραννον ὠμότης; Dionys. Hal. 2, 1; SIG 873, 5 τῆς κ. τ. μυστήρια τελετῆς; 569, 22; 783, 20; PTebt 5, 25; PLond III, 1164k, 20 p. 167 [212 A.D.] ὑπὸ τοῦ κ. πατέρα μου ἀνεψιοῦ) τὰ κ. Ἰουδαίους ἔθη the customs of the Judeans Ac 26:3 (Tat. 12, 5 τῇ κ. Βαβυλωνίους προγνωστικῇ; 34, 2 ἡ κ. τὸν Ἀριστόδημον πλαστική). Cp. 27:2. ἡ κ. πίστιν δικαιοσύνη the righteousness of faith Hb 11:7. ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις purpose of election Ro 9:11.—Here also belong the titles of the gospels εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ματθαῖον etc., where κατά is likew. periphrasis for a gen. (cp. JLydus, De Mag. 3, 46 p. 136, 10 Wünsch τῆς κ. Λουκανὸν συγγραφῆς; Herodian 2, 9, 4 of an autobiography ἐν τῷ καθʼ αὑτὸν βίῳ; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 18 τ. καθʼ αὐτὸν ἱστορίαν; 2 Macc 2:13. Cp. B-D-F §163; 224, 2; Zahn, Einleitung §49; BBacon, Why ‘According to Mt’? Exp., 8th ser., 16, 1920, 289–310).—On the periphrasis of the gen. by κατά s. Rudberg (ἀνά beg.) w. many exx. fr. Pla. on. But it occurs as early as Thu. 6, 16, 5 ἐν τῷ κατʼ αὐτοὺς βίῳ.—M-M. DELG. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατά

  • 12 κρίνω

    κρίνω (s. κρίμα; Hom.+) fut. κρινῶ; 1 aor. ἔκρινα; pf. κέκρικα; plpf. 3 sg. κεκρίκει (on the lack of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; W-S. §12, 4; Mlt-H. 190; ἐκεκρίκει Just., D. 102, 2). Pass.: impf. ἐκρινόμην; 1 fut. κριθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐκρίθην; pf. κέκριμαι. Primary mng.: ‘to set apart so as to distinguish, separate’, then by transference
    ① to make a selection, select, prefer (Aeschyl., Suppl. 39 τὶ; Pla., Rep. 3, 399e κρίνειν τινὰ πρό τινος ‘prefer someone to someone’, cp. Phlb. 57e; Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 3 κ. τί τινι=select someth. because of someth. [a place because of its size]; κ. τὸ πρακτέον καὶ μὴ πρακτέον Did., Gen. 27, 3) ὸ̔ς μὲν γὰρ κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν the one prefers one day to another Ro 14:5a. In the other half of the sentence ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν, κ. prob. has the sense recognize, approve (X., Hell. 1, 7, 34 ἔκριναν τὴν τῆς βουλῆς γνώμην) the other holds every day in esteem vs. 5b. Closely associated is mng.
    ② to pass judgment upon (and thereby seek to influence) the lives and actions of other people
    ⓐ judge, pass judgment upon, express an opinion about Mt 7:1a, 2a; Lk 6:37a; 1 Cl 13:2; Pol 2:3 (Sextus 183 ὁ κρίνων ἄνθρωπον κρίνεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ). κ. δικαίως D 4:3; B 19:11. κ. κατʼ ὄψιν by the outward appearance J 7:24a. κατὰ τὴν σάρκα 8:15. τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κ. pass a right judgment 7:24b (on the expr. cp. Dt 16:18). This is perh. the place for 1 Pt 4:6 ἵνα κριθῶσιν κατὰ ἀνθρ. (s. ESelwyn, comm. ad loc. ref. to Lghtf.; cp. Wsd 3:4).
    ⓑ esp. pass an unfavorable judgment upon, criticize, find fault with, condemn (Epict. 2, 21, 11) Ro 2:1abc, 3; 14:3f, 10, 13a (a play on words, w. κρίνειν used in two different mngs. in the same vs.; s. 4 below on vs. 13b); Col 2:16; Js 4:11, 12; D 11:12. μή τι κρίνετε do not pronounce judgment on anything 1 Cor 4:5. ἱνατί γὰρ ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως; why is my freedom (of action) to be unfavorably judged by another person’s scruples? 1 Cor 10:29. μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτόν happy is the one who finds no fault w. himself Ro 14:22.—Also of a human judgment directed against God ὅπως ἂν νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are judged Ro 3:4 (OMichel in KEK prefers active sense); 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6).
    ③ to make a judgment based on taking various factors into account, judge, think, consider, look upon w. double acc. of the obj. and the predicate (Soph., Oed. R. 34; Pla., Rep. 9, 578b and s. Cebes 39, 4; 3 Macc 2:33; Just., D. 112, 1) οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς you do not consider yourselves worthy Ac 13:46 (Jos., Ant. 6, 159 ὸ̔ν αὐτὸς τ. βασιλείας ἄξιον ἔκρινεν; EpArist 98); cp. PtK 3 p. 15, 17. τὰ ὑστερήματα αὐτῶν ἴδια ἐκρίνετε you considered their shortcomings as your own 1 Cl 2:6. Pass. (Thu. 2, 40, 3; Jos., Ant. 4, 193) τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; why do you think it is incredible? Ac 26:8 (Jos., Ant. 18, 76 ἄπιστα αὐτὰ κρίνειν).—Foll. by acc. w. inf. (Pla., Gorg., 452c, Rep. 9, 578b; X., An. 1, 9, 5; 28) κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν … εἶναι Ac 16:15.—W. inf. foll. κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς κτλ. 15:19.—Foll. by τοῦτο ὅτι 2 Cor 5:14.—W. direct quest. foll. ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε judge, decide for yourselves 1 Cor 11:13.—W. indirect quest. foll. (Thu. 4, 130, 7 κρίναντες ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, εἰ … ; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 5) εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, κρίνατε decide whether it is right to obey you rather than God Ac 4:19.—κρίνατε ὑμεῖς ὅ φημι pass your own judgment on what I say 1 Cor 10:15.—ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας you have judged rightly Lk 7:43.
    ④ to come to a conclusion after a cognitive process, reach a decision, decide, propose, intend (Isocr. 4, 46; Polyb. 3, 6, 7; 5, 52, 6; 9, 13, 7; Epict. 2, 15, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 14, 118 §497 ὅταν οἱ θεοὶ κρίνωσιν; LXX) τί οὖν θέλετε, κρίνατε (restored) so decide now what you wish (to be done); w. inf. (Diod S 4, 33, 10; 17, 95, 1; UPZ 42, 37 [162 B.C.]; PTebt 55, 4 [II B.C.] ἔκρινα γράψαι; PLond III, 897, 11 p. 207 [84 A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:33; 3 Macc 1:6; Jdth 11:13; Wsd 8:9; Jos., Ant.7, 33; 12, 403; 13, 188; Did., Gen. 179, 7) Ac 3:13; 20:16; 25:25; 1 Cor 2:2; 5:3; Tit 3:12. W. τοῦ and inf. (B-D-F §397, 2) ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς Ac 27:1. ἐπεὶ ἤδη σεαυτῷ κέκρικας τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι τὰς ἐντολὰς ταύτας ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου φυλαχθῆναι since you have already decided in your own mind that these commandments cannot be kept by anyone Hm 12, 3, 6.—W. acc. and inf. (2 Macc 11:25, 36; 3 Macc 6:30; TestSol 10:8; SibOr 3, 127; Just., D. 102, 2) Ac 21:25 (even in the substantially different rdgs.). τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον he has determined this, namely to keep his fiancée (pure and undefiled) 1 Cor 7:37 (s. s.v. γαμίζω 2; Diod S 4, 73, 2 of a father: κρίναι ταύτην [i.e. his daughter] παρθένον διαφυλάττειν). τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα but rather decide this, (namely) to give no offense Ro 14:13b. ἔκρινα ἐμαυτῷ τοῦτο, τὸ … ἐλθεῖν 2 Cor 2:1. τὰ δόγματα τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τ. ἀποστόλων Ac 16:4 (cp. Polyb. 5, 52, 6 πράξας τὸ κριθέν; Epict. 2, 15, 7 τοῖς κριθεῖσιν ἐμμένειν δεῖ).
    ⑤ to engage in a judicial process, judge, decide, hale before a court, condemn, also hand over for judicial punishment, freq. as a legal t.t. (in a forensic sense Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).
    ⓐ of a human court
    α. act. and pass. abs. Ac 13:27. W. adv. GPt 3:7. κ. τινά: κατὰ τὸν νόμον J 18:31; Ac 23:3; 24:6 v.l. οὐδὲ ἐγὼ κρίνω ὑμᾶς GJs 16:3. Of the right of the apostle and the church to judge believers 1 Cor 5:12ab. μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον; does our law (personified) judge a person? J 7:51 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 50 §205 certain senators desire that before Mark Antony is declared a public enemy he should be brought to trial, ὡς οὐ πάτριον σφίσιν ἀκρίτου καταδικάζειν ‘on the ground that it was not their ancestral custom to condemn someone without a hearing’). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε I will punish you on the basis of your own statement Lk 19:22. Pass. Ac 25:10. κρίνεσθαι ἐπί τινι be on trial because of a thing 26:6 (Appian, Basil. 12 κρινόμενος ἐπὶ τῷδε=be brought to trial because of this thing; likew. Iber. 55 §233; Ath. 2, 3; of God ApcrEzk Fgm. d). Also περί τινος (Diod S 12, 30, 5) 23:6; 25:20; w. addition of ἐπί w. gen. of the court of judicature before someone (schol. on Hes., Op. 9) 24:21; 25:9; D 11:11.—τί δὲ καὶ ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον; Lk 12:57, which leads over into the sphere of jurisprudence (vs. 58), means: why cannot you yourselves decide what is right? (cp. the prayer for vengeance fr. Amorgos [BCH 25, 1901 p. 416; Dssm., LO 94=LAE 118] ἐπάκουσον, θεά, καὶ κρῖναι τὸ δίκαιον; cp. Appian, Mithrid. 89 §403 κρίνειν τὴν μάχην=decide the battle; Just., A II, 15, 5).
    β. mid. and pass.: ‘dispute, quarrel, debate’, also go to law (so Thu. 4, 122, 4 δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι; Hos 2:4 al. in LXX; TestSol 4:4ff D; Mel., P. 101, 773) τινί with someone (Job 9:3; 13:19) Mt 5:40; B 6:1 (Is 50:8); μετά τινος (Vi. Aesopi W 76 κριθῆναί με μετὰ τῆς κυρίας μου ἐπὶ σοί=I am pleading my case with my mistress before you; Eccl 6:10) 1 Cor 6:6. ἐπί τινος before someone (as judge) vs. 1 (on the beginning of 1 Cor 6 cp. the decree of Alexander to the Greeks in Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21: βούλομαι δὲ μὴ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κρίνειν ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον, οὐδὲ ἐφʼ οὗ βούλεσθε=it is my wish [will] that you are not to go to law among yourselves, no matter what any of you may have against another, nor before anyone you wish).
    ⓑ of the divine tribunal
    α. occupied by God or Christ: abs. administer justice, judge J 5:30; 8:16, 50; cp. vs. 26; Rv 6:10; B 5:7. Pass. be judged Mt 7:1b, 2b; Lk 6:37b; Rv 11:18.—W. acc. foll. (PGM 4, 1013 of Horus ὁ κρίνων τὰ πάντα) J 5:22; 8:15b. τοὺς ἔξω 1 Cor 5:13. ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς judge the living and the dead 2 Ti 4:1; 1 Pt 4:5; B 7:2. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων Ro 2:16. τὸν κόσμον B 4:12 (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 10 [Stone p. 32]; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 8 Tdf.). τὴν οἰκουμένην Ac 17:31; AcPl Ha 9, 29. κ. κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον judge each one by what that person does 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Rv 20:13. ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν the dead were judged by what was written in the books (of life and of death), in accordance w. their deeds vs. 12; δικαίως κ. judge uprightly (Sotades [280 B.C.] Fgm. 11, 2 Diehl2 II 6 p. 191 [in Stob. 4, 34, 8 vol. V p. 826, 5=Coll. Alex. p. 243] ὁ παντογενὴς … οὐ κρίνει δικαίως) 1 Pt 2:23; B 19:11. Also ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ Rv 19:11. διὰ νόμου κρίνεσθαι be judged on the basis of the law Js 2:12.—Oft. the emphasis is unmistakably laid upon that which follows the Divine Judge’s verdict, upon the condemnation or punishment: condemn, punish (opp. σῴζειν as TestJud 24:6; Mel., P. 104, 810; cp. ApcEsdr 1, 11 p. 25, 3 Tdf. ἐμὲ κρῖνον ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) J 3:17; cp. 18ab; 12:47ab, 48a; cp. 48b; Ac 7:7 (Gen 15:14); Dg 7:5f (opp. ἀγαπᾶν). διὰ νόμου κ. punish on the basis of the law Ro 2:12.—3:6f; 1 Cor 11:31f (here of the temporal punishment which God brings upon sinners); 2 Th 2:12; Hb 10:30 (κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ the Lord will judge = punish his people is derived fr. Dt 32:36=Ps 134:14, where the judgment of God is spoken of, resulting in the vindication of the innocent [the thought prominent in the two OT pass.] and the punishment of the guilty [the thought prominent in the Hb pass.]); 13:4; Js 5:9; for 1 Pt 4:6 s. 2a above; Rv 18:8; 19:2; B 15:5.—W. the punishment given κ. διὰ πυρός 1 Cl 11:1; διὰ τῶν μαστίγων 17:5. κεκριμένοι ἤδη τῷ θανάτῳ already condemned to death B 10:5. Also εἰς θάνατον condemned to death Hs 9, 18, 2. οἱ κρινόμενοι ἀσεβεῖς the godless, who are condemned 2 Cl 18:1. Of the devil ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται J 16:11.—ταῦτα ἔκρινας you have imposed these punishments Rv 16:5.—On κρίνειν τὸ κρίμα 18:20 s. κρίμα 4.
    β. occupied by those who have been divinely commissioned to judge: the 12 apostles judge the 12 tribes Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30 (PBatiffol, RB n.s. 9, 1912, 541–43. But here κ. could have the broader sense rule; cp. 4 Km 15:5; Ps 2:10; 1 Macc 9:73; PsSol 17:29). κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία … σέ the one who is physically uncircumcised will sit in judgment upon you Ro 2:27. οἱ ἅγιοι as judges of the cosmos 1 Cor 6:2ab (κρίνεσθαι ἐν: Diod S 19, 51, 4.—On the saints as co-rulers with God cp. Epict., Ench. 15; Sallust. 21 p. 36, 14) as well as of the angels vs. 3 (cp. Da 7:22).
    ⑥ to ensure justice for someone, see to it that justice is done (LXX) τινί to someone 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17).—B. 1428. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κρίνω

  • 13 νεκρός

    νεκρός, ά, όν
    A. as adj. (perh. as early as Hom., certainly Pind.; in Ath. only R. title)
    ① pert. to being in a state of loss of life, dead, of pers.: lit. καταπίπτειν νεκρόν fall dead Ac 28:6. ἤρθη νεκρός he was taken up dead 20:9 (another possibility is as dead, for dead: Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 22; Eunapius, Vi. Soph. 76 συγχωρήσατε τῷ νεκρῷ [the one who is deathly sick] με δοῦναι φάρμακον.—ἤρθη ν. as TestJud 9:3). νεκρὸς κεῖται (Mel., P. 90, 672) lies dead AcPt Ox 849 recto, 15.—Ac 5:10; Js 2:26a. ἔπεσα πρὸς τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ ὡς ν. I fell at his feet as if I were dead Rv 1:17 (ὡς ν. as Diod S 36, 8, 4; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 17 [Stone p. 20]). ἐγενήθησαν ὡς νεκροί Mt 28:4. ἐγένετο ὡσεὶ νεκρός Mk 9:26. Of Christ ἐγενόμην ν. I was dead Rv 1:18; cp. 2:8.
    ② pert. to being so morally or spirtually deficient as to be in effect dead, dead, fig. ext. of 1
    ⓐ of pers. (Soph., Philoct. 1018 ἄφιλον ἔρημον ἄπολιν ἐν ζῶσιν νεκρόν; Menand., Colax 50; Epict. 3, 23, 28; schol. on Aristoph., Ran. 423 διὰ τὴν κακοπραγίαν νεκροὺς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους καλεῖ; Sextus 175 ν. παρὰ θεῷ; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 35, Conf. Lingu. 55, Fuga 56) of the prodigal son either thought to be dead, missing, or morally dead, depraved Lk 15:24, 32. Of a congregation that is inactive, remiss Rv 3:1. Of persons before baptism Hs 9, 16, 3f; 6. W. dat. of disadvantage ν. τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ dead to sin Ro 6:11.—ἐκ νεκρῶν ζῶντας Ro 6:13; sim. on the mng. of baptism ν. τοῖς παραπτώμασιν dead in sins Eph 2:1, 5; Col 2:13. Of worldly-minded Christians: τὸ ἥμισυ ν. ἐστι Hs 8, 8, 1 v.l.
    ⓑ of things ν. ἔργα dead works that cannot bring eternal life Hb 6:1; 9:14; Hs 9, 21, 2. ἡ πίστις χωρὶς ἔργων ν. ἐστιν faith apart from deeds (i.e. without practical application) is dead, useless Js 2:26b (κενή P74), cp. vss. 17, 20 v.l. (DVerseput, Reworking the Puzzle of Faith and Deeds in Js 2:14–26: NTS 43, ’97, 97–115). Of sin χωρὶς νόμου ἁμαρτία ν. where there is no law, sin is dead, i.e. sin is not perceptible Ro 7:8 (cp. 5:20). Of the believer, in whom Christ lives: τὸ σῶμα νεκρόν the body (of σάρξ and sin) is dead 8:10 (Herm. Wr. 7, 2 visible corporeality is called ὁ αἰσθητικὸς νεκρός. Sim. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 69ff, Gig. 15).
    ③ pert. to having never been alive and lacking capacity for life, dead, lifeless (Wsd 15:5; Ar. 3:2; Just., A I, 9, 1 ἀψυχα καὶ νεκρά) of the brass serpent 12:7. Of polytheistic objects of cultic devotion PtK 2 p. 14, 21. νεκροὶ θεοί 2 Cl 3:1; D 6:3. (On the borderline between 1 and 2: τὰ μὲν ὀνόματα … θεῶν ὀνόματά ἐστιν νεκρῶν ἀνθρώπων Theoph. Ant. 1, 9 [p. 76, 8]).
    B. as subst. ὁ ν. (so mostly Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En 103:5; TestGad 4:6; ApcEsdr 4:36; Philo; Jos., Bell. 4, 331 al.; Ar. 15, 3; Just., Mel., Ath., R. title; Jos.)
    ① one who is no longer physically alive, dead person, a dead body, a corpse, lit. Lk 7:15; Hb 9:17; 11:35; Rv 20:5; 12:13. μακάριοι οἱ ν. οἱ ἐν κυρίῳ ἀποθνῄσκοντες 14:13; cp. 1 Th 4:16. Without art. νεκροῦ βληθέντος AcPlCor 2:32 (w. ζῶν as Appian, Liby. 129 §617 τ. νεκροὺς κ. τ. ζῶντας; Aesop, Fab. 69 H.=288 P.; EpArist 146) of God οὐκ ἔστιν (ὁ) θεὸς νεκρῶν ἀλλὰ ζώντων Mt 22:32; Mk 12:27; Lk 20:38. καὶ ν. καὶ ζώντων κυριεύειν rule over the living and the dead i.e. over all humankind past and present Ro 14:9. κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς 2 Ti 4:1; 1 Pt 4:5; 7:2; κριτὴς ζώντων καὶ ν. Ac 10:42; 2 Cl 1:1; Pol 2:1. In this combination ν. without the article means all the dead, all those who are in the underworld (νεκροί=the dead: Thu. 4, 14, 5; 5, 10, 12; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 39; Polyaenus 4, 2, 5). Of deceased Christians νεκροῖς εὐαγγελίσθη 1 Pt 4:6 (Selwyn, comm. 337–39). The art. can also be used without special significance: ὁ καιρὸς τῶν ν. κριθῆναι Rv 11:18; οἱ ν. ἀκούσουσιν τῆς φωνῆς τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ J 5:25. In prepositional phrases oft. without the art. ἐκ. ν. and ἀπὸ ν. (B-D-F §254, 2; Rob. 791f). ἐγείρειν ἐκ ν., ἐγείρεσθαι ἐκ ν. Mt 17:9; Mk 6:14; Lk 9:7; 24:46; J 2:22; 12:1, 9, 17; 21:14; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Ro 4:24; 6:4, 9; 7:4; 8:11ab, 34 v.l.; 10:9; 1 Cor 15:12a, 20; Gal 1:1; Eph 1:20; Col 2:12; 2 Ti 2:8; Hb 11:19; 1 Pt 1:21; IMg 9:3; ITr 9:2; Pol 2:1f; 5:2; AcPlCor 2:6; 5:2. ἀναστῆναι ἐκ ν. and ἀναστῆσαί τινα ἐκ ν. (Just.; Mel., P.) Mk 9:9f; 12:25; Lk 16:31; J 20:9; Ac 10:41; 13:34; 17:3, 31; 1 Cl 24:1; 15:9; GPt 8:30 (KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 343f); Papias (11:3); Qua. ἡ ἐκ ν. ἀνάστασις (Mel., P. 3, 20) 5:6; Lk 20:35; Ac 4:2. Also ἡ ἐξανάστασις ἡ ἐκ ν. Phil 3:11; ζωὴ ἐκ ν. Ro 11:15; ἀνάγειν ἐκ ν. (Just., A I, 45, 1; 50, 12 al.) bring up from the realm of the dead Ro 10:7; Hb 13:20. ἀπὸ ν. πορεύεσθαι πρός τινα come up to someone fr. the realm of the dead Lk 16:30. Somet. the art. is included in these prep. combinations without appreciable difference in mng.: ἐγείρεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ν. Mt 14:2; 27:64; 28:7 (but ἐγείρεσθαι ἐκ ν. 17:9). ἐγείρειν ἐκ τῶν ν. 1 Th 1:10 v.l.; πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν ν. Col 1:18 beside ὁ πρωτότοκος τῶν ν. Rv 1:5. The art. is often omitted w. the gen.; so as a rule in ἀνάστασις ν. (Did., Gen. 96, 13) resurrection of the dead, an expr. that is explained by the locution ἀναστῆναι ἐκ ν. (also Ar. 15, 3; Just., D. 80, 4) Ac 17:32; 23:6; 24:21; 26:23; Ro 1:4; 1 Cor 15:12b, 13, 21; D 16:6. νεκροῦ ἀνάστασιν Papias (2:9). ἀνάστασις ἐκ ν. 1 Pt 1:3; ἐκ ν. ἀνάστασις AcPlCor 2:35. Also ἀνάστασις τῶν ν. Mt 22:31; 1 Cor 15:42 (Just., D. 45, 2). νεκροὺς ἐγείρειν raise the dead Mt 10:8; Ac 26:8; AcPl Ha 8, 35=BMM verso 8f. Pass. (Theoph. Ant. 1, 8 [p. 74, 6]) Mt 11:5; Lk 7:22 (cp. 4Q 521:12; on the fig. understanding s. κωφός 2); 1 Cor 15:15f, 29b, 32. Also τοὺς ν. ἐγείρειν J 5:21; 2 Cor 1:9. Pass. Mk 12:26; Lk 20:37; 1 Cor 15:35, 52. Of God ζωοποιεῖν τοὺς ν. Ro 4:17. μετὰ τῶν ν. among the dead Lk 24:5. βαπτίζεσθαι ὑπὲρ τῶν ν. be baptized for the dead 1 Cor 15:29a (s. βαπτίζω 2c; JWhite, JBL 116, 97, 487–99). τάφοι νεκρῶν IPhld 6:1. ὀστέα νεκρῶν the bones of the dead Mt 23:27. ἄτονος ὥσπερ νεκροῦ νεῦρα powerless as the sinews of a corpse Hm 12, 6, 2. αἷμα ὡς νεκροῦ blood like that of a dead person Rv 16:3.
    ② one who is so spiritually obtuse as to be in effect dead, dead pers., fig. ext. of 1 (cp. Philo, Fuga 56) ἄφες τοὺς ν. θάψαι τοὺς ἑαυτῶν ν. let the dead bury their dead of those who do not give priority to discipleship Mt 8:22; Lk 9:60 (cp. Theophyl. Sim., Ep. 25 τ. θνητοῖς τὰ θνητὰ καταλείψομεν.—FPerles, ZNW 19, 1920, 96; 25, 1926, 286f; Bleibtreu [s. μισέω 2]. AEhrhardt, Studia Theologica VI, 2, ’53, 128–64.—θάπτειν τοὺς ν. lit. Jos., Bell. 5, 518). The words ἀνάστα ἐκ τ. νεκρῶν Eph 5:14 appear to belong to a hymn (s. Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 1921, 136) that may have become part of the baptism ritual (MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.; FDölger, Sol Salutis2, 1925, 364ff).—B. 290. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > νεκρός

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